In addition to the proofreading symbols in the APA manual, I will use the following symbols to point out grammar and spelling errors in your papers. These symbols are derived from the list at https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/k-lee7/www/kesl/writ/editsymbols.pdf
| Symbol | Error |
|---|---|
| abbr | don’t use abbreviation, or incorrect abbreviation. |
| agr | error in grammatical agreement |
| awk | awkward expression (ungrammatical, unclear, misworded, etc.) |
| AUX | auxiliary verb missing or incorrect |
| cs | comma splice (clauses connected by a comma without conjunction) |
| conj | conjunction wrong or missing |
| DO | direct object missing or incorrect |
| frag | sentence fragment; incomplete clause |
| gram | general grammar error |
| IO | indirect object missing or incorrect |
| mod | misplaced modifier |
| par | parallel, consistent grammar structures needed |
| prep | preposition wrong or missing |
| prn | wrong pronoun |
| punct | punctuation wrong or missing |
| ref | incorrect pronoun reference |
| run-on, ro | run-on (fused) sentence |
| shift | shift in verb tense |
| sp | spelling error |
| SUBJ | sentence subject unclear, incorrect, double, or missing |
| tense, vt | verb tense wrong |
| wc | incorrect or awkward word choice |